<p>Riksa Islands  are three adjacent ice-free islands in the Aitcho group on the west side of English Strait in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The islands are situated 250 m west of Bilyana Island, 650 m northeast of Emeline Island and 2.1 km east of Holmes Rock. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.</p><br>
<p>The group comprises the islands of Cricklewood (62&deg;23&prime;05&Prime;S latitude, 59&deg;46&prime;27&Prime;W longitude), Taunton (62&deg;23&prime;03&Prime;S latitude, 59&deg;46&prime;56&Prime;W longitude) and Bath (62&deg;22&prime;53&Prime;S latitude, 59&deg;47&prime;19&Prime;W longitude).</p><br>
<p>Riksa Islands are named after the settlements of Kamenna (Stone) Riksa and Lower Riksa in northwestern Bulgaria. Criclewood Island is named after the district of London where the main part of the UKHO was located until 1968. Taunton Island is named after the town of Taunton in England, where the UKHO printing works has been located since 1941 and where the remainder of the Office moved in 1968. Bath Island is named after the city of Bath in England, where sections of the UKHO were temporarily located during World War II.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The islands are located at 62&deg;23&prime;05&Prime;S latitude, 59&deg;46&prime;49&Prime;W longitude. Bulgarian mapping in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Jackson Avenue Warehouse District is an historic district in the Old City section of Knoxville, Tennessee, USA, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the 1970s. The district includes several warehouses along the 100-block of West Jackson Avenue, as well as the Sullivans Saloon building on East Jackson. The buildings were listed for their architecture and their role in Knoxvilles late-19th and early-20th century wholesaling industry.</p><br>
<p>The districts original 1973 listing included the warehouses on the north side of West Jackson Avenue (i.e., 103, 121-123, 125-127, and 129-131) and Sullivans Saloon (100 East Jackson). In 1975, the district was extended to include the John H. Daniel building (120-122 West Jackson) and the American Clothing Company building (124 West Jackson). During the 1980s, the north side of West Jackson Avenues 100-block, along with Sullivans Saloon and 120-122 West Jackson, were included in the Historic American Buildings Survey.</p><br>
<p>The Jackson Avenue Warehouses represent Knoxvilles thriving turn-of-the-century wholesaling sector. Most of the buildings along the north side of West Jackson were built circa 1890&mdash;1910, with loading docks facing the tracks and elaborate Romanesque storefronts facing Jackson Avenue. Rural merchants would travel to Knoxville via railroad from across East Tennessee to purchase goods and supplies for general stores and other businesses. Sullivans Saloon, built circa 1888 by Irish-born innkeeper Patrick Sullivan (1840&ndash;1925), is one of the few remaining late-19th century saloon buildings in Knoxville.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, all of the buildings in the Jackson Avenue Warehouse District, along with the remaining historic buildings along West Jackson (all the way to Broadway), the Southern Terminal complex, the 100 blocks of East Jackson, North and South Central, and South Gay, the White Lily factory on Depot, and parts of State and Vine were listed on the Register as the Southern Terminal and Warehouse Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Shalban vihara  is an archaeological site in Mainamati, Comilla, Bangladesh. The ruins are in the middle of the Lalmai hills ridge, and these are of a 7th century Paharpur-style Buddhist viharas with about 100 cells for monks. It operated through the 12th century.</p><br>
<p>Excavations have revealed many archaeological artifacts dated to between the 7th and 12th centuries. Most of them are kept in the Mainamati Museum now.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Originally, the monastery was called Bhavadev Bihar after the king, but today the Shalban name comes from a grove of Shal (shorea robusta) trees.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before 1200 years ago the King Bhava Deva, the fourth ruler of the Early-Deva dynasty built that place on 168 square meters of ground. It was the royal palace for the early Buddhist students. This site, previously called Shalban Rajar Bari, came out after archaeological excavation as a Buddhist monastery and hence termed as Salban vihara from the terracotta seals and copper plates discovered. Its original name is supposed to have been Bhava Deva Mahavihara after the 4th king of the early Deva dynasty which ruled this region from the mid-7th to mid-8th centuries AD. It was built in or on the outskirts of Devaparvata, the Samatata capital bordering the Lalambi forest.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>About eight kilometres west of Comilla town, lies a range of low hills known as the Mainamati-Lalmai range which is dotted with more than 50 ancient Buddhist settlements dating from the 8th to the 12th centuries. Almost at middle is the Salvan Vihara of 115 cells built around a spacious courtyard with a cruciform temple in the centre. About 5 kilometres north of Shalvan Vihara is Kutila Mura, which is a picturesque relic of a unique Buddhist establishment.</p><br>
<h2>Importance</h2><br>
<p>This was once a self-contained Buddhist monastery where, monks lived, studied and prayed.It was the royal palace for the early Buddhist students.Students from various places come here for their meditation and religious learning. During their study period the students stay in the dormitory/cells around the temple. It’s such a quite place inside a barren forest and one of the greatest tourist spots in Bangladesh.</p><br>
<h2>Exploration and excavation</h2><br>
<p>Deep diggings have revealed four repair and rebuilding phases in the monastery, the earliest corresponding to period III of the cruciform central shrine. No monastery remains corresponding to period I and II (7th century AD) has yet been found. Some scanty and ill-defined remains below the present structure may suggest their existence, probably of smaller size. During the next two phases (period IV and V: 9th–10th centuries AD) new floors and thresholds were built on top of earlier remains. Two interesting features observed inside the cells, fireplaces and ornamental brick-pedestals, were not included in the original plan. Though there was a community kitchen and dining establishment, many of the resident monks (probably sramanas: lay-students) preferred to cook their meals individually inside their cells. The pedestals certainly served the purpose of private cult worship. Discoveries made during explorations and excavations suggests that this establishment may probably have some provision for accommodating poorer lay students (sramanas) from neighbouring settlements with cheaper arrangements for cooking their own food with materials brought from home, an age-old practice still in vogue in certain parts of rural Bengal.</p><br>
<p>Excavations at Shalban Vihara have also exposed a number of subsidiary structures including a community dining establishment, a small oblong, a pillared and a square shrine with exquisitely moulded plinth, two oblong chapels and a number of small votive stupas inside, and an interesting medium-sized shrine with a small sanctum connected by a long narrow passage and enclosed by a solid and massive brick structure, a columned terrace and colonnades just outside the monastery quadrangle.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The large square monastery of 550-foot sides with 115 monastic cells, a dominant central shrine and a number of subsidiary shrines. Stupas and chapels, provides access through its monumental gateway on the north. While the central shrine revealed six building phases and the monastery four. The 1st and 2nd phases of the central shrine remains buried under the ruins of the 3rd, 4th and 5th periods but the remains of the 6th phase have been removed from the top. The cruciform central shrine of third built with the monastery as a single complex.</p><br>
<h3>Staircases</h3><br>
<p>In the middle of each wing, the monastery verandah is provided with a shallow projection to serve as the base for a flight of steps leading down to the brick-paved courtyard, the arrangement in the front side being larger and more elaborate. Compared to them, the arrangement in each corner of the monastery is a grand affair. Here, occupying a pair of cells, a solidly built broad and massive staircase leads to the roof or an upper floor. Such elaborate arrangements coupled with the evidence of a strong roof naturally suggest the existence of an upper storey.</p><br>
<h3>Chapels</h3><br>
<p>The central cell in each wing is larger, stronger and more elaborate with certain special features such as small pedestals and platforms with decorative mouldings, larger niches, etc. By analogy to similar arrangements in Nalanda and Paharpur monasteries, they certainly represent subsidiary chapels or shrines.</p><br>
<h3>Niches</h3><br>
<p>Each of the cells were originally provided with three excellently built corbelled niches in the inner walls, the one in the back wall being larger. Objects recovered in and around them strongly indicate that these were primarily intended for keeping votive images, oil lamps and reading and writing materials.</p><br>
<h3>The central shrine</h3><br>
<p>The shrine at Shalban Vihara is actually not but six different structures built successively on the same spot in different periods and on different plans. They provide interesting evidence of the evolution and gradual transforming of the traditional Buddhist stupa architecture into that of the Hindu temple. The remains of the first two periods are hidden below the cruciform shrine of period III which was built with the monastery as a single complex. It is an exceedingly interesting piece of architecture resembling in ground plan a Greek cross, 51.8m long with chapels built in the projecting arms. Its basement walls are embellished with a string course of delightfully sculptured terracotta plaques set within parallel bands of ornamental bricks. This shrine bearing a striking resemblance with that of Paharpur represents a fully developed and finished example of the 7th- to 8th-century Buddhist temple architecture of Bengal. Since the Mainamati monuments are unquestionably earlier in date by about a century, and as there are a number of early and intermediary stages of development in this evolutionary process clearly traceable in Mainamati.Mainamati supplied prototypes of cruciform shrines not only for Paharpur and Vikramashila in eastern India but also for the subsequent Buddhist architectural development in Burma, Indonesia and Indochina. The next two periods (IV and V) witnessed an interesting further transformation and development in the plan of the central shrine, the cruciform shape being replaced by an oblong one. Now fully open, spacious and functional, it is much nearer to a Hindu temple. In these structural changes may lie the primary reason for discontinuing the earlier Biddhist tradition of the delightful terracotta decorations in the early Muslim architecture of Bengal, though in a somewhat different form. The main interest in these evolved shrines shifted from the outer walls around the circumambulatory path to the inner chambers with space enough for images, sculptures and architectural decorations, and specially to the principal cult images consecrated in them.</p><br>
<h2>Materials found</h2><br>
<p>The finds from excavations at Shalban Vihara have been very rich and valuable which include seven copper-plate inscriptions, about 350 golds and a large number of sculptural specimens in stone, bronze and terracotta, and innumerable terracotta sculptured plaques found both in situ and otherwise.</p><br>
<p>The West End Historic District in Waxahachie, Texas is a 77 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is mainly seven blocks of W. Main St. and four blocks of W. Jefferson St., and includes properties on cross streets as well .</p><br>
<p>It includes Classical Revival and Queen Anne architecture.</p><br>
<p>Named buildings included in the district include:</p><br>
<p>Sims Library and Lyceum (photo #72 on page 35), Classical Revival, designed by architect S. Weymes Smith</p><br>
<p>F. Lee Hawkins House (photo #73 on page 37), L-plan Victorian made more formal by two-story portico with massive Corinthian-capped columns</p><br>
<p>E. P. Hawkins House, 200 S. Hawkins St. (photo #74 on page 39), L-plan Victorian made more formal by two-story portico with massive Corinthian-capped columns</p><br>
<p>Mahoney-Thompson House (photo #75 on page 41)</p><br>
<p>Dunlap-Simpson House (c.1891), 1203 W. Main St. (photo #78 on page 47), Classical Revival, built by Connecticut contractor Dennis Mahoney for Judge Oscar E. Dunlap, longtime president of Waxahachie National Bank. It is a -story house with Queen Anne detailing and a three-story tower.</p><br>
<p>Dunlap House, 1203 W. Main, (c. 1891. Dunlap-Simpson House.</p><br>
<p>Harrison House, 717 W. Main St. (photo #79 on page 49), with Mission-style parapet</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church, 501 W. Main St. (photo #80 on page 51)</p><br>
<p>Chapman House, 903 W. Main St. (photo #81 on page 53)</p><br>
<p>Hines House, 813 W. Main St. (photo #82 on page 55)</p><br>
<p>Chaska House, 716 W. Main St. (photo #84 on page 59).</p><br>
<p>Nikonion  was an ancient Greek city on the east bank of the Dniester estuary. Its ruins are located 300 meters to the northwest of the modern village Roksolany, in the Ovidiopol district of the Odessa Oblast, Ukraine.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Niconium was founded in the second half of the 6th century BCE by colonists from Miletus. On the opposite bank of the river other Milesian colonists had already founded Tyras. The city was founded at a time when many nomadic tribes were beginning to settle in the areas north of the Black Sea. The Greeks settled in this area because of the plentiful fishing and the opportunity to trade with these barbarian settlers.</p><br>
<p>Stone construction in the city began in the 5th century. At the turn of the 3rd-2nd centuries BCE, the city was destroyed, an event which was associated with the Macedonian commander Zopyrion, associate of Alexander the Great. In the 1st century BCE, the size of the city increased from the previous period. Niconium was abandoned permanently in the middle of the third century CE when the area was invaded by the Goths during the Great Migrations.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological excavations</h2><br>
<p>The city was located on a plateau which now descends steeply into the Dniestr estuary, which has submerged the lower terrace of the city. The size of the city is estimated to be 7 hectare.</p><br>
<p>According to the findings of excavations in the area, it appears that in the 5th-4th centuries BC, the money in Niconium mostly consisted of Istrain coins. It is also possible that Niconium itself minted coins, because some of the coins discovered during excavation are unique in appearance and bear the name of the Scythian king Scyles, who had established a protectorate over Niconium and other settlements in the area and may have been buried in the city.</p><br>
<p>The Zook House, also known as the William and Elizabeth Owen House, built in 1750, is a historic single-family dwelling located near Exton, Pennsylvania on the property of the Exton Square Mall, on the north side of USA Route 30 Business. It was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 1, 1976 following renovations. In 1984 a boundary increase was also listed on the National Register. In 1998 the house was moved about 300 feet to the southwest due to an expansion of the shopping mall. On July 27, 2000 the house was re-listed on the National Register, even though it remains listed on the Register at its old address.</p><br>
<p>The land in the area of the house was first sold by William Penn to Welch Quaker Richard Thomas in 1683 as part of the Welsh Tract. Thomas&#39;s son, also named Richard, claimed the land in two stages, 1704 and 1717. He sold the land to English Quaker John Morgan in 1718, and Morgan sold the land to English Quaker William Owen in 1734. Owen built the house in 1750 and sold land and the house to Quaker James Brown in 1760. Morritz (or Morris) Zug bought the farm and house in 1770. Morritz Zug later anglicized his name to Zook. He and his family were founding members of the Great Valley Ominist (Amish) Society. The house was added to in 1800, and 1820. During the 1998 move, a new foundation was laid and the 1750 basement was lost.</p><br>
<p>Six generations of the Zook family lived in the house until 1970. The Jacob Zook House, nearby on the south side of USA 30 Business, is listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Klaus Block is a historic building in downtown Lima, Ohio, United States. Built along Main Street in 1870,</p><br>
<p>Many types of businesses have occupied space in the Klaus Block through its history. In its earliest years, the block&#39;s builder operated a butcher shop in the building, and a speakeasy operated in a ballroom on the topmost floor during Prohibition. A pharmacy has always been run in its southeastern (frontmost) corner.</p><br>
<p>During the 1870s, the increasing importance of the railroad industry to Limas northern side resulted in the northward expansion of the citys downtown. The Klaus Block was one of several large buildings erected in the city at this time; among these structures was the Allen County Courthouse, which is also located to the north of the original downtown.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Klaus Block was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its architectural significance. It was one of seventeen Lima buildings that were listed on the National Register together as part of the Lima Multiple Resource Area.</p><br>
<p>The James Butler House is a historic house a 239 North Main Street in West Hartford, Connecticut. Built about 1800, it is a well-preserved example of transitional Georgian-Federal architecture, and one of the town&#39;s older homes. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The James Butler House is located in northern West Hartford, on the west side of North Main Street, north of its junction with Hickory Lane. It is set well back from the street, further than the immediately adjacent 20th-century houses. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with two interior chimneys and an exterior finish in aluminum siding. Styling is minimal on the front facade, with shuttered windows and a center entrance topped by a four-light transom window. The interior follows a center hall plan. The fireplace mantel in the main parlor features Georgian style paneling and proportions. A single-story ell extends to the rear; it is possible that it is original to the house&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<p>The house was built either by Gideon or James Butler, sometime between 1789 and 1816. The Butlers, father and son, were descended from Joseph Butler, one of the area&#39;s first English settlers. This house remained in the hands of Butler descendants until the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Farnsworth House is a historic house at 537 Mountain Road in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Probably built about 1797, it is one of West Hartford&#39;s few surviving 18th-century buildings, and a particularly rare example of a small vernacular single-story cottage. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Samuel Farnsworth House is located in northwestern West Hartford, on the west side of Mountain Road, a busy local north-south main road. It is set on a rise above the road, the lot fronted by a dry-laid brownstone retaining wall. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure with a front gable roof and central brick chimney. Its front facade is three bays wide, with two windows placed asymmetrically on either side of the entrance, which is slightly off-center. The rear roof face has a flare, extending the building to the rear, and there is a secondary entrance on the south side. Trim is limited to simple corner boards.</p><br>
<p>Although the house is placarded 1807, it was probably built in 1797 by Samuel Farnsworth, and is one of the only two-room cottages from the period to survive. The land was acquired by Samuel Farnsworth in 1790 from his father-in-law, Morgan Goodwin. He sold it in 1797, with dwelling and other outbuildings, to Titus Goodwin. The house remained in the Goodwin family for many years.</p><br>
<p>847 North Main Street in West Hartford, Connecticut, is one of the town&#39;s few surviving 18th-century houses. Dating to the mid-18th century, it is a well-preserved example of vernacular Georgian architecture, with a modest entrance surround. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>847 North Main Street is located in northern West Hartford, on the west side of North Main Street opposite its junction with Mohawk Drive. It is set on a low rise above the busy street by a brownstone retaining wall. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with two interior chimneys, a side gable roof, and a clapboarded exterior. The main facade is five bays wide, but asymmetrical, with the main entrance slightly off-center. The main entrance is flanked by pilasters and topped by a multi-layered entablature, and there is no window in the bay above. A -story gable-roof ell extends to the rear of the main block.</p><br>
<p>Documentary research suggests that the house was built about 1877, but it has been placarded with the date 1748, the inscription crediting its early ownership to Gurdon Flagg. The doorway treatment is a clearly Georgian feature, and the missing second-floor window is also typical of that period. The decorative treatment of its eaves is suggestive of mid-19th century alterations.</p><br>
<p>The house is signed has having been built in 1748, but architectural research suggests it was built c. 1777.</p><br>
<p>The Linneman Building was a historic commercial building in Lima, Ohio, United States. Located along South Main Street in the city&#39;s downtown, it was built in a transitional style of architecture in 1899.</p><br>
<p>At the time when the Linneman Building was built, Lima was experiencing an economic boom as a result of the discovery of petroleum in the surrounding countryside. According to the 1900 census, the citys population was three times that reported by the 1880 census; consequently, a large number of ornate buildings were erected in the citys downtown. Leading among these structures is the Metropolitan Block on the downtowns northern side, but many buildings at the citys center and on the southern edge of downtown, including the Linneman Building, were also architecturally significant.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Linneman Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its architectural significance. Another sixteen buildings in and around downtown Lima were added to the Register at the same time as part of the "Lima Multiple Resource Area," including the adjacent Dorsey Building. Today, the Linneman Building remains listed on the National Register, but it has been demolished. A parking lot now occupies the site of the ornate nineteenth-century structure.</p><br>
<p>The Whiting Homestead is an historic house at 291 North Main Street in West Hartford, Connecticut. Built about 1790, it is a fine example of late colonial architecture, with many original interior features. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 3, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Whiting Homestead is located north of the center of West Hartford, on the west side of North Main Street at its junction with Lawler Street. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a large central chimney, and a center entrance. The main entrance is framed by a molded architrave with ears, and the cornice at the roofline is dentillated. A 20th-century addition projects from the main block&#39;s northwest corner. The interior follows a typical center chimney plan, with a narrow entrance vestibule that also has a tight winding staircase. The left parlor has original paneling on the walls and doors, while the right parlor features a fine Federal style fireplace surround. Original doors are mounted on strap hinges.</p><br>
<p>Land on which the house built was first partitioned in 1679, and was assigned to Joseph Haynes, son of John Haynes, an early Connecticut governor. The house was probably built c. 1790 by Gurdon Saltonstall Whiting, a Haynes descendant, and is one West Hartfords few surviving 18th-century houses. It is particularly notable for its largely intact and extensive interior wood paneling. The house remained in the hands of Whitings descendants until 1920, when it was sold to the Lawler family.</p><br>
<p>The Hose and Hook and Ladder Truck Building is a historic former firehouse on Main Street in Thomaston, Connecticut. Built in 1882, it is a fine example of Late Victorian civic architecture in brick. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 4, 1982. After serving as a firehouse for about a century, it has been converted into an art gallery.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Hose and Hook and Ladder Truck Building stands in a prominent location in central Thomaston, between the town hall/opera house and Trinity Church, two other architecturally distinguished buildings. It is a -story brick structure with granite trim, and a prominent Venetian-style tower with a pyramidal roof. It is basically symmetrical except for the tower, with vehicle bays flanking a pair of pedestrian entrances, which share a protective portico with Victorian arched friezes and spindled woodwork in the gable above. Brick pilasters articulate the elements of the building&#39;s second floor, with matching gabled projections above the vehicle bays. The gable ends are finished in decorative shingles, which surround half-round arches containing paired sash windows.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1882 to a design by Waterbury architect Robert Wakeman Hill, whose credits include the adjacent opera house (1883-5). It served the town as a firehouse until 1979. The brick used was produced by the Seth Thomas family brickyard nearby. The companies that first occupied the building were volunteer firefighting forces.</p><br>
<p>The former Torrington Fire Department Headquarters is a historic building located at 117 Water Street in Torrington, Connecticut. It is located immediately adjacent to the modern headquarters at number 111. Completed in 1901, it is an elegant example of Romanesque Revival architecture, and served as the city&#39;s main firehouse until 1980. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Torrington Fire Department Headquarters building is located on the west side of downtown Torrington, on the south side of Water Street near its junction with John Street. It is a two story brick Romanesque Revival structure, two stories in height. The main facade is three bays wide, with rectangular equipment bay openings on the ground floor, and paired round-arch windows on the second. A belltower rises at the left corner, with an open round-arched belfry topped by a corbelled and crenellated roof. On the interior, the ground floor held equipment on heavy fir flooring, with firefighter accommodations, offices, and social space on the second floor. The basement has racks for drying hoses.</p><br>
<p>The station was designed by Charles S. Palmer and built in 1900-01. In addition to being an elegant example of its style, the building featured some the latest technological advances of the time, including electricity, and an automated system for releasing the horses that drew the pumps from their stalls. The building served as the main firehouse in the center of the town until 1980, when the adjacent modern premises were built.</p><br>
<p>Kangerlussuaq Fjord  is a long fjord in the Qeqqata municipality in central-western Greenland. The fjord is 190 km long and between 1.5 km and 8 km wide, flowing from the estuary of Qinnguata Kuussua river to the southwest, and emptying into the Davis Strait. It is the longest fjord of western Greenland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The head of the fjord is located at 67&deg;00&prime;18&Prime;N latitude, 50&deg;41&prime;35&Prime;W longitude, at the estuary of the Qinnguata Kuussua river flowing from the Russell Glacier of the Greenland ice sheet (Sermersuaq). The fjord mouth is located at 66&deg;01&prime;40&Prime;N latitude, 53&deg;32&prime;00&Prime;W longitude, south of the Simiutaq Island. Another, smaller waterway connects to the sea to the north of the island.</p><br>
<p>Kangerlussuaq Fjord does not have any tributary fjords, with a fairly uniform coastline. Small hills of the Kangaamiut dike swarm, such as the highlands of Tarajornitsut, dominate the coast of the inner parts of the fjord, transforming into steep mountain ranges towards the mouth. In that it is different from fjords of Norway, or indeed many other fjords in Greenland, the coast of which is flanked by progressively smaller mountains.</p><br>
<p>Alluvial sediments from Qinnguata Kuussua, which carries meltwater from the ice sheet give rise to a distinct emerald coloring of the fjord waters for several kilometers from the fjord head. Silt accumulation at the estuary formed patches of quicksand of variable size up to a kilometer into the fjord.</p><br>
<p>This fjord marks the border between the two geographic regions of Queen Ingrid Land and King Frederick IX Land.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement</h2><br>
<p>The only settlement on the shores of the fjord is Kangerlussuaq, located just north of the river estuary at the head of the fjord. Kangaamiut is located on a small island, on the shores of Davis Strait, approximately 26 km south of the fjord mouth.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>The fjord is navigable in its entire length. Cruise ships, such as Norway&#39;s Hurtigruten and supply ships of Royal Greenland navigate the fjord, mooring at the Kangerlussuaq port, west of Kangerlussuaq Airport.</p><br>
<p>The Dorsey Building was a historic commercial building in Lima, Ohio, United States. Located along South Main Street in the city&#39;s downtown, it was built in a transitional style of architecture in 1899.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Dorsey Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance. It was one of seventeen buildings in and around downtown Lima to be added to the Register at the same time as part of the "Lima Multiple Resource Area." Six of the other sixteen were located along South Main, including the buildings adjacent to the Dorsey on both north and south. Today, the Dorsey Building remains listed on the Register, but the building has been demolished; in its place sits a parking lot.</p><br>
<p>The Casino Theatre in Gunnison, Utah, also known as the Star Theater, is a Beaux Arts building constructed in 1912 and currently undergoing renovations. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gunnison entrepreneur Sims M. Duggins built the theater in 1912 as a "big box" as a first step in construction. Duggins had the Beaux-Arts School of Architectural Design in Paris design the façade and hired a Pittsburgh company to build it. Components of the façade arrived by train and were installed in 1915. Duggins died in 1928 and his widow hired C.E. Huish, whose family owned theaters throughout Utah, to manage the theater. Huish closed in the recessed entry with a wall at the front edge of the arch, and the addition that preserved many of the original decorations. Huish also installed restrooms and changed the name to the Star Theater.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, the Cyrill E. Anderson family of Gunnison bought the theater and in the 1950s put up the triangular marquee that remained on the building until the current restoration began. The Andersons continued to operate the Star until 1973, although it became less profitable as the years passed as it faced competition from TV movies, videos and DVDs. After Cyrill E. Anderson&#39;s death in 1973, the family sold the theater to Max and Beth Curtis of Aurora, who in turn sold it to Ernie and Dawn Larson in 1981. The Larsens installed a new roof and began the nomination process for listing on the National Register of Historic places. In 1993, Paul Mower along with his son Mike Mower, owner of the Huish Theater in Payson and a descendant of one-time Star Theater manager C.E. Huish, purchased the Star. It was later incorporated into Hustar-Inc. The Mowers upgraded the seating and sound system, as well as reinforcing the wooden support system under the floor with concrete and steel. The Mowers sold the building in November 2004 to the Casino Star Theatre Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit dedicated to restoring the rather dilapidated structure to its original splendor.</p><br>
<p>Restoration of the exterior portion of the Theatre building was completed in late July 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>In the late 1980s, before Larson sold the property to Mower, Diana Major Spencer and Lori Nay founded the non-profit organization Save Our Star ("SOS") and tried to purchase and rehabilitate the theater. When Mower put the theater on the market in 2004, Nay and Spencer formed the 501(c)(3) Casino Star Theatre Foundation to finance the building&#39;s purchase and repair.</p><br>
<p>For a historical timeline and information on current projects and activities, please visit and Facebook/CasinoStarTheatre</p><br>
<p>The Stockalper Palace  is a castle in Brig-Glis, Switzerland. It was built between 1658 and 1678 by Kaspar Stockalper, a silk merchant of Brig. The Stockalper Palace was the largest private construction in Switzerland at the time. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first building on the site is known as the Stockalper House, which was built in 1532 by Peter Stockalper. Over the following century it was expanded toward the north, but it remained generally unchanged until the rise of Kaspar Stockalper. Kaspar Stockalper was born to a wealthy family in Brig on 14 July 1609. After studying at the university in Freiburg im Breisgau from 1627 to 1629, he returned to Brig and began building an extensive trading empire. By 1647 he had the local salt monopoly and built a road over the Simplon pass which gave him a monopoly on trade over this pass. Between 1651-59 he built a canal from Vouvry to Collombey which expanded his trading empire. At the peak of his power, Kaspar employed around 5,000 people (at that time Brig only had about 900 residents).</p><br>
<p>Between 1630 and 1640 Kaspar expanded the Stockalper House toward the south with a great hall, chapel and other construction. The great hall was decorated with a coat of arms in 1653. The chapel altar is black with silver reliefs depicting the Adoration of the Magi and the Coronation of the Virgin, both of which were the work of Samuel Hornung of Augsburg in 1655. A two-story covered arcade leads from the Stockalper House to the much larger Palace.</p><br>
<p>Kaspar&#39;s extensive trade empire required an extensive warehouse and in 1658 he began construction on the Palace to provide that space. Construction of the 80 m long building lasted 20 years. Once it was completed, Kaspar did not get many opportunities to enjoy his monumental building. In 1679 the communities of Visp, Leuk, Sierre and Sion rose up against him and drove him into exile in Domodossola. Six years later, in 1685, the Diet of Valais negotiated an agreement that allowed Kaspar to return and live out his last years in his Palace.</p><br>
<p>In 1948 the city took over the Palace and in 1960 the city council moved in. A museum was established in the Palace and some of the rooms were renovated and used for concerts and exhibitions. Since 2010 the courtyard and surrounding parks have been included in Google Street View.</p><br>
<p>Today, there are guided tours which allow visitors to tour many parts of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Castle site</h2><br>
<p>The Palace was built next to the smaller 16th century Gothic Stockalper House. It is a rectangular building with three towers on the north-west, south-west and south-east corners. The interior features a large, rectangular courtyard (40 x) with arcades in the style of the Italian Renaissance. The balusters that line the second story are not original, but were added later. The three towers were named for the Three kings or Wise Men of the Bible. The tallest was named after Saint Caspar as well as Kaspar Stockalper. The other two were then named Melchior and Balthazar, the traditional names of the Wise Men.</p><br>
<p>The Antiguo Cuartel Militar Español de Ponce or "El Castillo"  is the only structure directly related to the events of the land defense of Puerto Rico during the 1898 American invasion of the Island. The historic building dates from 1894 and is located on Castillo street in Ponce, Puerto Rico, in the city&#39;s historic district. The structure was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on May 14, 1987.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>"El Castillo", as this building is commonly known, was built in 1894 by the Spanish Royal Corps of Engineers as general headquarters for the Spanish military garrison stationed in Ponce. Since 1898, when Puerto Rico became a possession of the United States, this structure has served various purposes, first as courthouse and later as district jailhouse. It was being used as a district jail house in 1987. In the late 1980s, it ceased to be used as a district jail, was reconditioned, and in 1992 it was inaugurated as the headquarters of the Ponce School of Fine Arts, which is its role.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by the Spanish Royal Corps of Engineers. The architecture consists of 19th Century Civil Architecture. It is one of the largest Neoclassic Isabelino civil architecture structures built in Ponce during the 19th century. Its sober exterior walls help express its intended original use. The building played a significant role in law enforcement during the last years of the Spanish colonial rule for southern Puerto Rico and has played a significant role for both law enforcement and judicial purposes since then.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Spanish garrison stationed in Ponce at the time of the arrival of the American troops in 1898 played a significant role in the defense of the island. While the Spanish commander in charge of the Ponce garrison had determined it was not possible to defend the city of Ponce from the American advance at the time, the Ponce troops, together with the aid of other smaller garrisons, held the Asomante area preventing the USA Army from invading Aibonito in their advance to the conquest of fortified areas of San Juan. The Ponce garrison also helped the Guayama garrison in its attempt to detain American troops from taking that city. "This is the only structure directly related to these events that has been identified to date".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building consists of a two level square structure with an interior courtyard. It is built in brick and stone masonry; timber beams and brick layers were used for the roof and floors. The interior courtyard is surrounded by open-arched galleries in both levels. During the time when the building was being used as a district jail in 1987, the galleries provided the foundation of the jail barracks.</p><br>
<p>A repetition of windows over the facade&#39;s plane without any ornament gives the building an austere appearance, typical of military architecture developed during the Spanish period in Puerto Rico. The building still preserves its original lead gutters in the form of cannons. The building has been altered little since its original construction. The most significant alteration has been the replacement of the original wooden louvers windows with metal louvered windows. Also, iron bars have been added to its interior openings. The building has also been upgraded in two rather minimal ways: the interior courtyard was repaved and modern sanitary facilities were installed.</p><br>
<p>Surajkund hot spring  is a natural hot spring in Belkapi gram panchayat of Barkatha community development block in Barhi subdivision of Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand.</p><br>
<h2>Hot spring</h2><br>
<p>Surajkund has a hot water spring containing sulfur that has healing properties. Tourism department of Jharkhand Government has planned to set up spas, saunas, massage parlours, restaurants and convention halls here,</p><br>
<p>Surajkund hot spring is claimed to be the hottest spring in India. Surajkund hot spring has a surface temperature of 87 &deg;C and an average subsurface temperature of 165 &deg;C. According to recent assessment, India has a large potential of geothermal energy, which can be gainfully utilized for power generation, Jharkhand possesses a good share of these. Of the total recorded sites numbering 340 in India (assessed by Geothermal Education office - US), around 60 sites are in Jharkhand. Surajkund is among the most prospective sites. Other prospective sites in Jharkhand are: Tantolaya / Tantlol, in Santhal Paragana division, and Thatha / Konraha and Jarom in Palamu district.</p><br>
<p>There are five kunds or springs namely Surya Kund, Lakshman Kund, Brahm Kund, Ram Kund and Sita Kund. These are located in one place with water varying from very hot to cool. A Durga temple has been constructed in more recent years.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Surajkund is located at 24.14945&deg;N latitude, 85.64545&deg;E longitude.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>Surajkund is 72 km from Hazaribagh and 5 km from Barkatha on NH 2 (Grand Trunk Road).</p><br>
<p>The Rosaly–Batiz House  is a historic building located on Villa street in Barrio Primero in Ponce, Puerto Rico, in the city&#39;s historic district. The building dates from 1897. It was designed by Manuel V. Domenech, a Puerto Rican architect that was responsible for designing various other now-historic buildings. Domenech built this residence for Ponce mayor Pedro Juan Rosaly. Domenech himself became mayor of Ponce and held numerous other political positions in Puerto Rico. The Batiz Residence is a monument to a great man and his works and a vivid reminder of the aristocracy of the years prior to the Great Depression.</p><br>
<h2>History and significance</h2><br>
<p>The Batiz Residence was built in 1897 by the renown engineer Manuel Domenech for the Mayor of the City of Ponce, Don Pedro Juan Rosaly. A native of Ponce, Domenech graduated from the prestigious Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute of New York and was responsible for many of the island&#39;s most lavish turn-of-the-century buildings.</p><br>
<p>Among Domenech&#39;s other designs are the Caryatid House (1910) which faces the Ponce Cathedral and the "Asilo de Pobres" (listed in the National Register on 2 December 1985). Domenech was also Mayor of the City of Ponce and held many governmental positions in Puerto Rico.</p><br>
<p>Although a particular style cannot be attributed to Domenech, the vocabulary of his designs ranged from the purest Neoclassical to the most intricate eccletic. In this case, Domenech referred to the Renaissance Italian Palazzo as a model, a theme repeated in other properties both in Ponce and Mayaguez. However stern, the Batiz Residence displays a greater degree of mannerism over eclecticism, resulting in one of Ponce&#39;s most distinguished structures.</p><br>
<h2>Sale of the residence</h2><br>
<p>The property was purchased in the 1920s as the city residence of Antonio Batiz Olivera, a wealthy coffee plantation owner. During his visits to Ponce the house was said to be filled with light and music. Great balls, concerts and intellectual gatherings characterized the Batiz family and, thus, the house.</p><br>
<p>The structure has never been altered from what Domenech designed. Only minor maintenance work has been carried out during its many years of forgotten splendor.</p><br>
<p>The Batiz Residence today is a monument to the great man that Domenech was and his works, and a vivid reminder of the aristocracy of the years prior to the Great Depression.</p><br>
<h2>Physical appearance and description</h2><br>
<p>The Batiz Residence is located on the southeast corner of Villa Street at Mendez Vigo Street. It occupies a plot of land 1145 meters square, bordered by Villa Street on the north and Luna Street on the south.</p><br>
<p>This structure of stuccoed brick and rubble consists of two stories set on a podium approximately four feet above street level. The property follows a "U" shaped plan, creating a rectangular courtyard enclosed at the rear by a garden wall. The roof is flat, of wood and brick construction.</p><br>
<p>The main facade is divided into five bays in an A-B-A rhythm established by a single-bay central section and flanking two-bay sections. Rustic quoins turn the east and west corners of the facade. An italianate cornice spans the roof-line between the rusticated quoins.</p><br>
<p>At the first level, a recessed loggia is created by an arcade of segmental arches supported by diminished Doric columns on pedestals. Balusters enclose the arcade. The central bay is separated from the rest by a one storey pair of rusticated pilasters. This bay breaks the podium for access to the main entrance and incorporates a round arch beginning at a point lower than the other arches. Inside the loggia the central doorway is flanked by rusticated segmental arches with full-height, double-shutter jalousies.</p><br>
<p>A continuous string course separates the first floor from the second. At the upper level there are five rusticated openings similar to those of the first storey. The three inner bays open to a continuous balcony with wrought iron railing in intricate decorative patterns. Iron trellises support a decorative balcony roof.</p><br>
<p>The west facade is divided by rusticated pilasters into three sections of two, three, and one bay respectively, from north to south. South of the sixth bay extends a one-storey section which serves as a port-cochere. The fenestration at the west facade is similar to that at the main, except with circular arches at the upper level. At the lower level, another circular arch of larger proportions opens at the sixth bay.</p><br>
<p>The interiors are divided into three separate apartments: two similarly distributed residential units at the first level and a single large apartment at the second. The living quarters, kitchen, and servants&#39; quarters of the upper floor are reached via a series of louvered galleries that open to the courtyard. The living room boasts original crystal chandeliers and electric features. Floors are generally of polished wood and ceilings of ornate pressed sheet-metal. The living room windows open to the balcony which has marble floors and iron railings.</p><br>
<p>The Batiz Residence remains a magnificent example of the architectural trends of the aristocracy of Ponce.</p><br>
<p>Shadehill Reservoir is a reservoir on the Grand River in Perkins County, South Dakota, USA. The lake was created by the construction of Shadehill Dam by the United States Bureau of Reclamation in 1951.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir has two primary inflows: North Fork Grand River and South Fork Grand River. The single Grand River serves as the only outflow.</p><br>
<p>Species of fish in the lake include walleye, smallmouth bass, channel catfish, yellow perch, northern pike, and common carp.</p><br>
<p>Shadehill Reservoir is the location of the Shadehill Recreation Area, which is managed by the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks. The recreation area includes facilities for camping and several boatlaunch ramps.</p><br>
<p>Also, located around the reservoir is the Hugh Glass Lakeside Use Area, named for the mountain man, Hugh Glass, which features several campsites. A historical monument to Hugh Glass now stands, near the site of his mauling, on the southern shore of Shadehill Reservoir, at the forks of the Grand River.</p><br>
<p>The Sears, Roebuck and Company Department Store in Miami, Florida was an Art Deco building built in 1929 for Sears, Roebuck and Company. The building was the first known implementation of Art Deco architecture in the county and was spectacular. It was followed a year later by the Shrine Building , an application of Art Deco with local Seminole Indian motifs added as an interesting twist. Both were covered in a 1988 study of Downtown Miami historic resources, but were not NRHP-listed due to owner objections at the time. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in August 8, 1997. Only its tower remains.</p><br>
<p>After the areas drastic decline in the early 1980s, the buildings intense structural decay, and declining sales, the store closed its doors for good in 1983. The building remained vacant and abandoned and was the subject to graffiti and vandalism. Sears was unable to sell the property and it donated the site to Dade County in 1992. That same year, the Sears signs were removed.</p><br>
<p>The building listing was added to the National Register on August 8, 1997. By 2001, the only surviving part of the original structure was a seven-story tower. The original department store space had been demolished. The tower was preserved and incorporated it into the new Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, built in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Sears building at one point absorbed a former Burdines department store. The Art Deco building was constructed in 1929, predating the Art Deco hotels on Ocean Drive.</p><br>
<p>The Waioli Mission District at Hanalei Bay, on Route 560 along the north shore of the island of Kauai, is the site of a historic mission. The first permanent missionaries to the area arrived in 1834, and the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The building is known as Wai‘oli Mission House and is now a museum open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Wai oli means "joyful water" or "singing river" in the Hawaiian language.</p><br>
<p>In 1824, after the royal yacht Haʻaheo o Hawaiʻi ("Pride of Hawaii) ran aground in the bay, a crowd gathered for an attempt at salvage. Reverend Hiram Bingham took the opportunity to preach a sermon.</p><br>
<p>Around 1832, a thatched hut was built in this area for the missionaries to Hawaii from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions who would visit from other missions in the Hawaiian islands, such as the one at Waimea, Kauai. Early supporters were island governor Kaikioewa and Queen Dowager Deborah Kapule. The first permanent pastor was Reverend William Patterson Alexander (1805–1884), with his wife Mary Ann McKinney Alexander (1810–1888) who arrived in 1834. By then the original temporary structure had to be rebuilt. Alexander also started building a wood framed house about 1835. Their son Samuel Thomas Alexander was born here.</p><br>
<p>After the second thatched church blew down in an 1837 storm, a frame building was begun and finished in 1841.</p><br>
<p>The new church was a single rectangular structure 35 ft by 70 ft.</p><br>
<p>Alexander also expanded his house for his growing family.</p><br>
<p>While most mission houses are built in the New England style (including the interiors), this house shows influence of the Southern States. This is attributed to Alexander being born in Paris, Kentucky. Edward Johnson and his wife Lois Hoyt Johnson arrived in 1837 and opened a school.</p><br>
<p>By the end of the 1840s, the American Board removed funding for the missions and formed a Hawaiian Evangelical Association which tried to raise funds with small farms at each site. After the Great Mahele the Wilcox family obtained fee simple title to the property. The mission school became the Hanalei Public School. Abner and Lucy Wilcox both died while visiting relatives in Colebrook, Connecticut, in August 1869. Albert Spencer Wilcox lived in the house until 1877.</p><br>
<p>In 1912 the current church building was built with donations from Sam, George, and Albert Wilcox (sons of the missionary couple who were born at the station). The old 1841 church was used as the Mission Hall. The old mission bell was used in the belfry.</p><br>
<p>In 1921 Wilcox descendants funded architect Hart Wood to restore the Mission House and the Mission Hall. By 1945 it merged with the Anini Church and the Haena Church to become the Huiia Church.</p><br>
<p>Some of Abner Wilcox&#39;s library can still be seen in his study. In 1957 the Congregational Church organization became the United Church of Christ. Hui ia means "united" in the Hawaiian language.</p><br>
<p>The district includes 17 acre with the 1836 mission house, two caretaker cottages, and a garage, in addition to the 1841 Hall and 1912 Church. The house now is a small private museum.</p><br>
<p>The Georges de S. Canavarro House, also known as the Canavarro Castle, at 2756 Rooke Ave., Honolulu, Hawaii, was built in 1924&ndash;1927 for Georges de Souza Canavarro, son of the longtime Consul-General of Portugal in Hawaii, Antonio de Souza Canavarro. It was designed by Hart Wood, the leader of a group of architects aiming to develop a style suitable for the climate and lifestyle of the islands. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as a fine example of the Mediterranean Revival style employed for several large estates of that era, most notably Walter F. Dillingham&#39;s La Pietra. The design in this case was inspired by Sicilian villas.</p><br>
<p>The house site is on a steep slope in the Puunui area of Nuuanu Valley, next to the Oahu Country Club, with expansive views up the Valley and down to Honolulu harbor. The roofing is covered with red tiles, the masonry walls are covered with white stucco both inside and out, and the terraced floors and terraced grounds give the impression of a hillside town above the Mediterranean. The house itself is cross-shaped with an open courtyard and fountain in the center. The master bedroom, bath, and parlor are on the uphill side above the courtyard, with dining room, kitchen, and pantry on the downhill side. The north wing contains a library and two more bedrooms with separate baths. The interior floors are tiled and ceilings are coffered.</p><br>
<p>In 1947, the Canavarro Castle was purchased by the Korean Kook Min Hur (National Association), but subsequently fell into disuse. In 2002, the Korean Cultural Center of Hawaii bought the property and restored it for use as a meeting site and museum of the Korean independence movement.</p><br>
<p>The Buffalo Bill Cody Homested is the boyhood home of Buffalo Bill Cody, a government scout and Wild West showman. The homestead is located in the broad valley of the Wapsipinicon River Valley south of McCausland, Iowa, United States, in rural Scott County. The farmhouse was built in 1847 by Isaac Cody, Buffalo Bill&#39;s father, of native limestone and contains walnut floors and trim.</p><br>
<p>Isaac and Mary Cody, parents of the legendary Buffalo Bill, moved their family to the homestead from LeClaire, Iowa, where Bill was born and raised.</p><br>
<p>On January 24, 1974 The Cody Homestead was entered to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Iowa Society of The National Society of the Colonial Dames of America owns the furnishings in the 1847 main room and the 1870 bedroom.</p><br>
<p>The Becher Point Wetlands site is a wetland nature reserve in Port Kennedy on the Swan Coastal Plain of south-western Western Australia. The 677 hectare coastal site lies in the City of Rockingham, about 50 km south of the state capital, , and is largely surrounded on the landward side by residential suburbs. It comprises about 200 very small wetlands among sand ridges between Becher Point the Perth-Mandurah Road.</p><br>
<h2>History and recognition</h2><br>
<p>The nature reserve was established in 1996-97; the site is recognised as being of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, under which it was designated Ramsar Site 1048 on 5 January 2001. The sedgelands of the site are listed as a threatened ecological community under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The site is also listed on Australia’s Register of the National Estate.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The reserve lies on the beach ridge plains adjoining the coast at Becher Point. Its wetlands are within 200 - of the Indian Ocean. The wetlands are arranged in about ten groups roughly parallel to the coast, and separated by sand ridges. The system contains examples of shrub swamps and seasonal marshes formed in a sequence of inter-dunal swales resulting from coastal advancement over the last three thousand years, a type of wetland system rare in Southwest Australia. They form one of the youngest wetland systems on the Swan Coastal Plain and show a continuum of development in hydrology, geomorphology and vegetation unique in Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>Median and mean annual rainfall at Rockingham are 818 mm and 826 mm respectively, mainly falling in winter from May to August, while annual evaporation is about 1,900 mm. The site’s wetlands are seasonal; they normally lack surface water in summer and autumn. The fresh surface water of winter comes from rainfall and groundwater flow and is usually less than 0.3 m deep.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>The swamps support sedgeland, tall open shrubland and low open forest or woodland. The sedgeland is dominated by Baumea articulate, B. juncea, Typha spp. and Lepidosperma spp. Schoenoplectus validus, Isolepis nodosa and Juncus kraussii also occur. The forest and woodland is dominated by the paperbarks Melaleuca rhaphiophylla, M. hamulosa, M. cuticularis and M. teretifolia. Surrounding areas support open heathland.</p><br>
<p>Native fauna found at the site include the quenda, southern carpet python and black-striped snake. At least four species of frog and 21 reptiles have been recorded.</p><br>
<p>Rumija  is a mountain in southern Montenegro, situated between the Adriatic and Lake Skadar. The highest point is Rumija, which is 1,594 m high. Rumija rises above the town of Bar, and is a natural Dinaric barrier, separating the Adriatic from the Skadar basin. It is the southernmost mountain of Montenegro, and with prominence of 1,500 m, one of the most prominent.</p><br>
<p>The Rumija Mountain is a site of great religious significance. The Cross of Jovan Vladimir is carried every year on the Feast of Pentecost from the village of Velji Mikulići to the summit of Rumija. Traditionally, in addition to Orthodox Christians of the Bar area, Catholics and Muslims also take part in the procession and ascent to Rumija summit.</p><br>
<p>In 2005, Serbian Orthodox Church mounted a metal church building to the summit, by means of an Air Force of Serbia and Montenegro helicopter. This was a highly controversial issue, as building of the church was not approved by Montenegrin authorities. The use of the Air Force helicopter was perceived by some as a provocation in the wake of 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum.</p><br>
<p>The Peloncillo Mountains of Cochise County, , is a mountain range in northeast Cochise County, Arizona. A northern north-south stretch of the range extends to the southern region of Greenlee County on the northeast, and a southeast region of Graham County on the northwest. The north stretch of the Peloncillo&#39;s forms the border between the two counties. It lies east and northeast of the Willcox Playa, and the San Simon Valley.</p><br>
<p>The range lies in a region of southeast Arizona and southwest New Mexico called the Madrean Sky Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Peloncillo Mountains of Cochise County are a 35 mi long range. The north section is oriented north-south, and is bordered on the north by the Gila River which flows west-northwesterly from western New Mexico. The Whitlock Valley and Whitlock Mountains border to the west.</p><br>
<p>The southern section of the range is a northwest by southeast region, and contains the Peloncillo Mountains Wilderness. The highest point of the range is Midway Peak, 5,551 ft, at 32.40313&deg;N latitude, 109.14506&deg;W longitude. Midway Peak is just west of the northern part of the wilderness and is surrounded by it: center-north, northeast, east, and southeast. For the southern part of the wilderness, Gold Hill is just west with an access route through the canyon between; south of the wilderness lies Roostercomb.</p><br>
<p>Other peaks in the southern region of the Peloncillo Mountains from north to south are, Mount Rayburne, 4,680 ft, Winchester Peak, 5,127 ft, San Simon Peak, 5,325 ft, Engine Mountain, Gold Hill, and Roostercomb.</p><br>
<p>The Peloncillo Mountains of Hidalgo County, , is a major 35 mi long mountain range southwest of New Mexico&#39;s Hidalgo County, and also part of the New Mexico Bootheel region. The range continues to the northwest into Arizona as the Peloncillo Mountains of Cochise County, Arizona. The extreme southwest corner of the range also lies in Arizona. It is a linear range bordering the linear San Bernardino Valley of southeast Cochise County, Arizona.</p><br>
<p>The Peloncillo Mountains lie in a region of southeast Arizona, southwest New Mexico, northeast Sonora, and extreme northwest Chihuahua called the Madrean Sky Islands. They are tall mountain ranges isolated by surrounding flatlands and valleys with sky islands of isolated fauna and flora. Various corridors exist between some ranges; others are mostly isolated. Some ranges are lower elevation, with a reduced variety of habitats.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Peloncillo Mountains are mostly north-south trending, but curving northeasterly at the north end. They parallel the southwesterly-by-northeast San Bernardino Valley of Arizona, with various canyons and washes draining into the valley.</p><br>
<p>Historical battles, and Indian Wars caused retreat into this mountain region; it was also access and escape routes into the safe haven ranges of northern Mexico.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak is Gray Mountain at 6,928 ft. The region is famous for Skeleton Canyon and the historical events that occurred there.</p><br>
<p>The Baker Canyon Wilderness is located just south in the connected mountain range, the Guadalupe Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Tyrrell Historical Library is a public library in Beaumont, Texas. Originally built in 1903 to serve as the First Baptist Church, the building displays a mix of Richardsonian Romanesque and Victorian Gothic architectures, with pointed arch windows and quatrefoils, and all of its original stained glass. The building became vacant in 1923 when the congregation moved to a new location. It was bought by Captain W. C. Tyrrell, who donated the building to the city for use as its first public library. The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and also as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. It is also a contributing property to the Downtown Historic District.</p><br>
<p>After renovations, the library opened in 1926, serving as the main public library until 1974. Following construction of a new facility, this one was renamed as the "Tyrrell Historical Library," in honor of the philanthropist. It is the center repository of extensive genealogical archives and the library maintains a hallmark Texana collection. It was remodeled with systems upgrades in 1990. An addition was constructed in 2010, reflecting the main building&#39;s style without trying to recreate it.</p><br>
<h2>Photo gallery</h2><br>
<p>Mawkallaqta, also Mawka Llaqta , "ancient place", hispanicized spelling Maucallacta), the architectural Inca complex, is located above the contemporary village of San Antonio , 3,700 meters above sea level, and overlooks the neighbouring valley. The nearest bigger town, Pampacolca, is located approximately 170 kilometers  north-west of the city Arequipa in the southern highlands of Peru.</p><br>
<p>The archaeological project "Condesuyos" has been carried out since 1996 by the Center for Pre-Columbian Studies (University of Warsaw, Poland) represented by its Director, Prof. Dr. Mariusz Ziółkowski, and Universidad Católica Santa María (Arequipa, Peru) represented by Dr. Luis Augusto Belan Franco, the Director of the University Archaeological Museum and Dr. Maximo Neira Avendaño – the scientific consultant for the project. The project is being carried out in co-operation with the Instituto Nacional de Cultura of Peru and covers archaeological investigation in the vicinity of the volcano Coropuna which was frequently mentioned by chroniclers of the 16th and 17th centuries as an oracle, worshipped since pre-Inca times. The architectural complex Mawkallaqta, composed of more than two hundred stone buildings and tombs, an ushnu and three huge ceremonial platforms, made of stones and earth, may be considered the principal administrative, pilgrimage and religious centre related to the volcano and the most important Inca site discovered in Kuntisuyu, the fourth quarter of the Inca Empire. Mawkallaqta is being investigated as part of a sub-project which forms part of the archaeological project "Condesuyos".</p><br>
<p>Mawk&#39;allaqta was inaugurated and opened to the visitors on August 29, 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Northville Historic District is located in Northville, Michigan. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1970 alterations to the boundaries of the city-designated district in 2003 and 2007 included structures on the opposite sides of the original bounding streets within the district. The district is located in the heart of old Northville, and is primarily residential, although the 73 contributing structures, include several commercial buildings and a church. The majority of the district contains Gothic Revival houses constructed between 1860 and 1880.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The most significant structures in the district include:</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church (209 N. Wing) - This church was founded in 1841. The present site of the church building was obtained by the congregation in 1844, and construction began in 1859.</p><br>
<p>Masonic Hall (106 E. Main) - In 1880, the first story of this commercial structure was built by Barton Wheeler. The Masonic Lodge constructed and occupied the floor, resulting in the two stories of the building being owned by two separate parties.</p><br>
<p>Freydl Stores (112 and 118 E. Main) - These commercial buildings were constructed in 1875.</p><br>
<p>Oakwood Cemetery (W. Cady) - The Oakwood Cemetery was established early in Northville&#39;s history, and is located on land donated by Daniel Cady and Martin Randolph.</p><br>
<p>Ambler House (473 W. Cady) - The Ambler House was built in 1840, and is a transitional Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>Methodist Parsonage (139 Dunlap) - The Parsonage was built in 1890 for William and Georgina Yerkes. The house is one of the few Queen Anne style structures in the district.</p><br>
<p>Alfred Heatley Residence (304 Dunlap) - The Alfred Heatley house, built in the 1870s, is a Victorian-style Gothic house. A wide porch was added to the structure in approximately 1910.</p><br>
<p>Dean Griswold House (317 Dunlap) - The Dean Griswold House is a brick Italianate structure built in 1882.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Manfred Lampe Residence (417 Dunlap) - The Lampe Residence is a cottage Gothic home built in the late 1860s or 1870s.</p><br>
<h2>Mill Race Village</h2><br>
<p>Two of the most significant structures in the district have been moved to the adjacent Mill Race Village, which was established in 1972 as a location where buildings slated for demolition could be moved. These two are:</p><br>
<p>The Cady Inn (formerly at 315 E. Cady) - The saltbox style house was believed to have been a tavern and a stop on the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The Yerkes House (formerly 164 E. Cady) - The Yerkes House was built around 1859 by Henry Wade, the finest area carpenter, for William Purdy Yerkes, the first village president. The house has nine rooms, and the Gothic carpentry is in excellent shape.</p><br>
<p>The Beck and R.C. Cahill Buildings was a historic commercial building on the southern side of downtown Lima, Ohio, United States. Built in 1890 in a late version of the Victorian style, the building was located along Main Street south of the city&#39;s central square.</p><br>
<h2>Origins</h2><br>
<p>Lima grew rapidly in the last years of the 19th century following the nearby discovery of petroleum in 1885. Many large commercial buildings were constructed in the city, including several on South Main Street such as the Martin and Kibby Blocks, the Dorsey Building, the Linneman Building, the Beck and Cahill Buildings, and the Adgate Block.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Three large bays composed the first front of the three-story building, which was built of yellow brick and covered with a pyramid-shaped slate roof. The upper floors of the square building comprised thirteen bays on two sides and seventeen bays on the others. Decorative elements on the exterior included pilasters of cast iron and limestone quoins and trimming. Into the 1970s, two of the original three storefronts remained essentially as they had been since the building was constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1982, the Beck and R.C. Cahill Buildings was one of eighteen historic buildings in or near downtown Lima to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This collection, known as the "Lima Multiple Resource Area," embraced commercial and governmental buildings in the city constructed between 1860 and 1928. Among the other buildings included in the Multiple Resource Area were several on South Main Street, including the adjacent Linneman Building and Martin and Kibby Blocks.</p><br>
<p>Despite this recognition, the Beck and R.C. Cahill Buildings is no longer in existence: it has been torn down, and a parking lot now occupies its place.</p><br>
<p>The Renz Block was a historic commercial building in downtown Lima, Ohio, United States. Located along North Main Street across from the Allen County Courthouse, the block was built in 1900 in a late variant of the Victorian style.</p><br>
<p>The Renz Block was named for baker Jacob Renz, its second owner, who founded a bakery on North Main in 1887. By 1903, his business had expanded to the point that he needed to purchase larger premises; accordingly, he bought a nearby three-year-old building and established his business there. For many years, the company was a leading part of the local economy; at the time of its sale to another company in 1958, it was the largest bakery in Allen County.</p><br>
<p>When the Renz Block was constructed, Lima was in the middle of an economic boom prompted by the recent discovery of petroleum in the nearby vicinity; the citys population had grown 300% in the previous fifteen years, and many large buildings were being erected in the citys downtown. Its architecture was comparable to or superior to that of many other period buildings; a 1980 survey ranked it as one of the most prominent examples of late nineteenth-century architecture remaining in the city. In recognition of its significant architecture, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, along with seventeen other downtown buildings. Another of these buildings was the nearby Metropolitan Block, which remained an even better example of late nineteenth-century architecture than the Renz Block. Since that time, the Renz Block has been demolished; although it is still listed on the National Register, a parking lot sits at its location.</p><br>
<p>The Collins Mansion is a historic home in Great Falls, Montana, United States. The mansion was built in 1891 by Irish born Timothy Edward Collins, a local businessman who initially traveled to Montana during the gold rush. This, his second Great Falls residence was one of the towns first homes built on the west side of the Missouri River. The brick home, now covered in a stucco facade from the 1960s, is classified as Edwardian and Norman Shaw Queen Anne styles and was Great Falls first home to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Despite the now hidden brick facade, much of the original, exterior, Victorian details remain today untouched: classical modillions on the third floor dormer, egg-and-dart-crowned porch columns, dentillation beneath the cornice, and fluted pilasters flanking the mullions in the front windows. The mansion&#39;s interior contains quarter sawn oak, maple, cherry, birch, and eastern pine woodwork throughout.</p><br>
<p>The Schurwald is a wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southern Germany, which at its highest point is 513.2 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the most important Recreation areas for the Stuttgart area. Over the centuries, the vast forests of the mountain range supplied the surrounding towns and villages with wood for fuel and building material, and thus acquired the name "Schurwald", which comes from the German word, Schur, which can mean a shearing or clearcutting.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Schurwald begins to the east of Stuttgart and runs eastwards to the foothills of the Swabian Alb, passing through the districts of Esslingen, Göppingen and Rems-Murr-Kreis. It is bordered to the south by valleys of the Neckar and Fils rivers, and to the north by the valley of the Rems. At the eastern end of the Schurwald, which is crossed by numerous streams, is the Herrenbach Reservoir.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Geologically, the Schurwald is a dissected cuesta, formed by headward erosion. It contains clay, marl and Late Triassic sandstone. Lias alpha from the early Jurassic can also be found, but only on the plateau.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Agriculture no longer plays a major role in the economy of the Schurwald, and in the last few years a number of farms have been forced to close. Crops grown due to the elevation typically include various kinds of cereals, and root crops such as sugar beet and potatoes. Due to the cool climate, growth of fruit in orchards is limited, however on the slopes facing south vineyards grow grapes for red and white wine.</p><br>
<p>Most residents commute between their homes and the towns of Esslingen, Göppingen and Stuttgart and the Rems Valley. Nassachtal, within the Schurwald, was once one of the poorest places in Württemberg. The forest was once used for the production of charcoal, and was an important source for late medieval glassmakers.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<p>The highest peaks of the Schurwald are:</p><br>
<p>Kernen (513.2 m)</p><br>
<p>Kappelberg (469 m, containing the Kappelberg Tunnel)</p><br>
<p>Weißer Stein (442 m; monument rather than a mountain)</p><br>
<p>Württemberg (411 m), site of the Württemberg Mausoleum</p><br>
<h2>Settlements</h2><br>
<p>The following settlements are found within the Schurwald:</p><br>
<p>Adelberg</p><br>
<p>Aichwald</p><br>
<p>Baltmannsweiler</p><br>
<p>Birenbach</p><br>
<p>Börtlingen</p><br>
<p>Lichtenwald</p><br>
<p>Nassachtal</p><br>
<p>Rechberghausen</p><br>
<p>Wäschenbeuren</p><br>
<p>Wangen</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Schraitle, Egon, Bauer, Ernst Waldemar et al.: Schurwald – Esslingen – Filder. Natur – Heimat – Wandern. Schwäbischer Albverein e. V., Stuttgart. 2., neubearbeitete Auflage. Theiss, Stuttgart 1998.</p><br>
<p>Schmidt, Werner: Rundwanderungen Schwäbischer Wald und Schurwald. Berglen, Ellwanger Berge, Frickenhofer Höhe, Limpurger Berge, Löwensteiner Berge, Mainhardter Wald, Murrhardter Wald, Schurwald, Waldenburger Berge, Welzheimer Wald. 5., aktualisierte Auflage. Schneider-Verlag Hohengehren, Baltmannsweiler 2002.</p><br>
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<p>The Pearce-McAllister Cottage is a historic house museum in the City Park West neighborhood of northeast Denver, Colorado, United States. It is administered by History Colorado .</p><br>
<p>The cottage was built in 1899 in the Dutch Colonial Revival style. The Denver-based architect Frederick Sterner built the house for Harold V. Pearce and his wife, Cara Rowena Bell Pearce. The second owners, the McAllisters, remodeled the interior in the 1920s and this is how the cottage is now presented.</p><br>
<p>The Pearce-McAllister Cottage houses the Denver Museum of Miniatures, Dolls and Toys. The collection includes more than 10,000 objects from 1680 onwards.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the US National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Wheel of Fortune is a historic home located near Leipsic, Delaware. It was built in the 18th century, and is a two-story, five-bay, one room deep whitewashed brick dwelling in the Georgian style. It has a gable roof and the front facade features a one-bay entrance portico. It has a two-story rear wing, that originally contained a kitchen and servants quarters. Also on the property are a contributing meat house and milk house. The property was owned by Congressman John A. Nicholson  before 1888, and later by USA Senator James H. Hughes , who purchased it in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The houses name comes from a piece of land by the same name located along Muddy Branch south of Leipsic. While local lore claims the land was named as a play on owner John Chances name, it was known as Wheel of Fortune at least three years before Chance acquired the land in 1738.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>Bykenhulle, originally known as Ivy Hall, is a historic house located on Bykenhulle Road near the hamlet of Hopewell Junction, New York, United States, in the Town of East Fishkill. It is a wooden house in the Greek Revival architectural style.</p><br>
<p>First built in the middle of the 19th century by a member of the locally prominent Adriance family, it was originally the center of a large farmstead. By the early 20th century the failing farm was subdivided, leaving the house on a smaller lot. A later set of owners bought it for use as a country retreat and renamed it after the original Dutch spelling of their name.</p><br>
<p>They renovated and restored the house with the intent of preserving its historic character. It retains enough despite the much newer residential construction around it that, in 1991, it and two of its outbuildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Currently it is used as a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>Bykenhulle is located on a pair of lots totalling 5.7 acre in the north of East Fishkill. They are bordered by Bykenhulle Road on the south, neighboring residences on the east and west, and the Taconic State Parkway to the rear. It is on a slight rise just south of the Fishkill Creek flood plain. The neighborhood is wooded except for the cleared lots, many of which compare in size to Bykenhulle. A brick fence runs along the front.</p><br>
<p>The buildings are mostly located on the 3.7 acre lot, the larger of the two. At its east corner, a driveway leads in past the house and continues through to an exit at the parkway in the rear. A brick fence runs along the front of the property. The lot has mature trees and plantings, with an evergreen buffer at the rear along the parkway. The two-acre (8,000 m²) lot to the southwest is today mostly a large lawn.</p><br>
<p>There are three other buildings and a swimming pool to the side and rear of the main house. Two of the buildings, a dairy barn and poultry house, date to the era of its construction and are considered contributing resources to the Register listing. The carriage house, now modified to serve as a garage, and swimming pool are not.</p><br>
<h3>House</h3><br>
<p>The main house&#39;s main block is a two-and-a-half-story, five-bay frame structure sided in clapboard. The south (front) facade has a centrally located three-bay porch, supported by four wooden columns, with a balustrade on top to serve as a balcony. All windows have wooden louvered shutters. Above a plain frieze, a gabled roof shingled in asphalt is pierced by two brick chimneys at either end. The north facade has a similarly centrally located entrance with roofless masonry porch and iron railing. Three dormer windows pierce the roof on this side.</p><br>
<p>A two-story, four-by-two-bay kitchen wing projects to the east. It has a similar treatment to the main block, with eyebrow windows in the frieze and an end chimney. The windows on its north facade are irregularly placed. The sunroom on the west end has glazed French doors on all three sides.</p><br>
<p>The recessed and trabeated main entrance is framed by pilasters on either side. The doorway is further framed by a transom and sidelights with pilasters decorated in a Greek style. The paneled door opens into a grand central hall with 11 ft ceilings, encircled by a sculpted plaster cornice. The interior doorways have a post-and-beam surround similar to the exterior ones, and a stairway to the second floor has a mahogany spindled balustrade and finely detailed turned newel post.</p><br>
<p>On the west are two large parlors. They are similarly decorated to the hall, adding ceiling medallions, silver-plated door hardware and black marble mantelpieces. A wide pocket door entryway with enormous Grecian surround connects them. The functional rooms on the east are similar in scale but more restrained in their decoration. The second-story rooms follow a similar layout but are more restrained in scale and decoration.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>Directly behind the house is the dairy barn. It is a two-story wooden English barn modified with a basement and swing beam sided in galvanized iron designed to imitate clapboard. A screened pheasant coop has been attached to the west, and the northeast corner has been extended to build a garage.</p><br>
<p>The poultry house is located further to the northwest, in line with the house and barn. It is a long frame two-story structure, sided with the same material as the barn, that has been converted into a hunting lodge. A cobblestone chimney and fireplace has been added to the west side, and the roosts removed from the interior. The building is entered by tipping a carved wooden liquor bottle into a nearby shot glass to reveal a peephole.</p><br>
<p>The carriage house was original to the building, but has been modified over the years. It is a rectangular frame building with front-facing gabled roof similar to the house. Its interior has been converted into two apartments, and the exterior has had new windows added, some old ones close and been resided with wider modern clapboards.</p><br>
<p>There were two other buildings and one structure formerly located on the property. The latter is on the north side of the property, the site of a former well still visible in the woods near the Taconic. The collapsed remains of a frame milk house are located to the east of the carriage house, and between the two there was once a frame storage building, of which no trace remains.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Peter Adriance, one of the descendants of Dutch settlers who moved from Long Island to Dutchess County in the late 18th century, gave the newly built house to his daughter Mary Ann and her husband, James Wilkinson, himself the scion of a wealthy Quaker family in the area, in 1841. From his 400 acre farm, he partitioned 150 acre to them. The house was in the highest of contemporary style, its dimension and decor less restrained than other Greek Revival farmhouses of the time. Finishings like the door hardware and marble mantelpieces would have been made in the city and brought to the house, testifying to the affluence of the Adriance family. They were on conspicuous display in the social spaces visitors would have experienced; the more restrained private and functional rooms are a reminder that the house was still the center of a large working farm.</p><br>
<p>A year after Peter Adriance died in 1852, his daughter and son-in-law availed themselves of the large inheritance he left her and moved to Poughkeepsie. They sold the house to a cousin on her mother&#39;s side, Charlotte Storm Genung, also descended from another old Dutchess settler, and her family. The Genungs named the house where their descendants would live for the next five decades Ivy Hall.</p><br>
<p>Very little is known about the Genungs during this period, as they apparently lived quietly, running the farm, making no changes to the house, building some of the outbuildings, and taking little role in public affairs. A county history in 1882 to which Charlotte&#39;s son Isaac contributed notes his ancestry and lists his profession as "farmer and assessor". It is the only record available about the Genung period of the house.</p><br>
<p>When Isaac died, his heirs were either unable or unwilling to sustain the farm, and defaulted on the mortgage. The farm and all its buildings and structures went into foreclosure. At a 1907 auction on the steps of the Dutchess County Court House in Poughkeepsie, it was sold for $4,000 ($ in contemporary dollars) to a Moses Lee of Patterson. Two years later, he realized a profit, selling it for $5,750 ($ in contemporary dollars) to Webster Wagner of New York City, a wealthy descendant of the co-inventor of the Pullman car. He delegated farming operations to tenants, preferring to use Ivy Hall as his country house.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that Wagner converted the poultry barn into a hunting lodge and built the pheasant coop so that he would have game birds to hunt, as hunting was a popular hobby among wealthy men of the era. He made no alterations to the house. In 1929 Florence Bicknell, wife of USA Rubber chairman John Bicknell, bought the house from Wagner for $100 ($ in contemporary dollars). It is not known why the property changed hands for such small amount. The low price could have reflected the onset of the Great Depression, a personal relationship between the parties, or might simply be an error in recordkeeping.</p><br>
<p>Indicative of a strong interest in historic preservation as a reason to own the home, the Bicknells changed the name of the property to Bykenhulle, the original Dutch spelling of their name. That principle guided their completion of the main house&#39;s transition from farmhouse to country retreat. They added the current historically themed wallpaper to the front hall, put in modern heating and plumbing in an unobtrusive fashion and remodeling the northern rooms into a library and dining room. They made more changes to the upper story, eliminating a stair and replacing it with a false fireplace. In the process of modernizing the kitchen wing completely, they changed its original layout but kept its scale and design consistent with the main house.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1930s the Taconic State Parkway was built through the area, cutting the main house area off from some of its former pasturelands. In 1963, when the Bicknells sold the land, Mary Ann Wilkinsons wedding gift was subdivided into 1 – lots, spurring the current exurban residential development. The pool was added to the property in 1972, and a traditional garden planted in 1990. A year prior to the latter, the sunroom was added to the west of the house. Later owners of Bykenhulle have included an IBM executive and the current bed and breakfast operators, both of whom have continued to maintain the propertys historic character.</p><br>
<p>Palaiokastro  is a coastal village and a community in the municipal unit of Malevizi. 9 km west of Heraklion on the island of Crete. In 2011 Palaiokastro had a population of 255for the village and over 1000 of people that have their country house. It is situated in front of a 70 meter long pebbled beach leading to a cove with rapidly deepening waters that are protected from the prevailing northerly winds. On the southern end of the beach rises a steep calcareous rock. During the Venetian occupation of Crete extensive fortifications were built on this rock, housing cannons that secured the bay of Heraklion. Ruins of the fortress walls survive until today.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>Venetian fortress of Palaiokastro</h2><br>
<p>The Venetian fortress of Palaiokastro is located 9 km west of Heraklion, on the west side of Heraklion Bay. Today, only a part of the walls of the triangular fort remains alive. The fort was built on a big tall rock, near which passes the highway of Heraklion - Chania.</p><br>
<p>In 1204, when the Genoese Pescatore conquered Crete, he built 14 forts in order to protect it. Among them was the fort of Palaiokastro, which could protect the bay of Heraklion and make the landing of enemy on the nearby shores very difficult. The Genoeses thought that this castle was very important, thus when the Venetians managed to conquer Crete, they kept only this castle. Later, in 1211, they had to leave the island.</p><br>
<p>Fortress Palaiokastrou is one of the most important medieval monuments of the island. In a similar position existed oldest fortress built by pirate Enrico Pescatore, immediately after the conquest of Crete by the Genoese in the early 13th century.</p><br>
<p>The Venetian fortress Palaiokastrou built later is an integral element of the fortress fortifications of Candia and rebuilt when it seemed the inability of the fortress of Candia, effectively prevent the penetration of enemy ships in the adjacent bay fraskia.</p><br>
<p>Fortress Palaiokastrou begun in 1573, was completed in 1595 and was based on a draft prepared based instruction Commander Latino Orsini. The fort is a triangular shape adopted by the natural topography of the location and the steepness of the rock was met with the overshoot of the walls that were parallel to the sea.</p><br>
<p>The impressive and well preserved today arched entrance of the fort stood on the south side and is partially carved into the rock.</p><br>
<p>As shown in the map of the report produced later by Francesco Basilicata to the Venetian authorities inside the fortress created three uneven squares of the "Up", the "Medium" and "Low Square" in order to ensure adequate space and flat area that would meet the needs of the defenders and stood barracks, garrison headquarters, church, Purpose, arms depots and water tanks.</p><br>
<p>The walls of the fort still impressed with the diligence of the construction of massive walls and impeccable details. In the northeast corner there are the reliefs of the winged lion of St. Mark and the emblems of the era officials.</p><br>
<p>In the report mentioned the Venetian Francesco Basilicata reveals the basic military operation of the fortress, "the shot of the gun reaches to the Salty, cape beach of the Bridge and also intersects with the shot of the rules of the city of Candia, although far. Fortress is capable, with moderate activity, to withstand any attack and to effectively protect ships that would carry help, because there is no good anchorage. "That passage is easy to appreciate the enormous importance of the fortress Palaiokastrou and the key role it played during the 20 year siege of Candia to the Ottomans (1645-1669), which is recorded as the longest siege in world military history. Palaiokastro The beach is still preserved in excellent condition a lime of the same era, and is known from the design of Basilicata, the which is one of the best examples of such structures throughout the island.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of the Venetian Era, the castle lost its original importance because the Bay of Heraklion could be now protected by the Venetian ships. But when Venice was threatened by the presence of the Ottomans, the castle regained its value. Thus, during the years 1573-1595 they rebuilt the old castle, just like many other castles throughout the island. The castles of the Bay were then able to control the entire region, since the cannon shots from Palaiokastro crossed with the shots from the ramparts of St Andrew (Heraklion Walls).</p><br>
<p>The main gate was located on the south edge of the castle and lead to the lower square, which had many small rooms. In one of them you can still see a small church dedicated to Agios Markos (celebr. on Easter Tuesday), which was built with the ruins of the castle.</p><br>
<p>North of the castle, there was an armory with solid and very strong walls. Right next to it was a water tank. Upon entering, there was a staircase leading to the second level, where the barracks were. Finally, the upper level hosted the church of the castle.</p><br>
<p>On the northeast corner of the castle you could see the winged lion of St. Mark, the emblem of Venice. The fort was under Venetian occupation until the last years of the siege of Candia that finally “fell” in 1669.</p><br>
<p>The Ottomans gave great importance to the occupation of the castle, so that they could land on the shores of Heraklion Bay safely.</p><br>
<p>Thus, when the ships of Venice were still in Chania, the Turks surrounded the fort, which was surrendered. Then the Turks destroyed it in order to prevent the enemies from using it.</p><br>
<h2>Other points of interest</h2><br>
<p>The English captain Spratt (1865) observing the morphological characteristic of the area (abdomen theater) where supported to place the Cretan city of the north coast of the island, the so-called Kytaion (hull=abdomen), which is mentioned by Pliny, the Nonnus and Ptolemy, at this point. Suppose indeed that this rock Palaiokastro was the acropolis of the ancient city. However much earlier (1837) compatriot Pashley had also, and perhaps for the first time placed the Kytaion in this position, not because of the concave terrain, but because he was convinced that the name "Palaiocastro" always referred back to ancient cities. Placed even the city itself over the cliff. Before him the Venetians placed the unknown ancient city in various regions of the northern coast of Candia to Sitia. However, many archaeologists (Mariani, Faure, Plato) are persuaded by the arguments of both English Champion. He expressed the view that the ancient place name should be associated with the Mycenaean place name Kutato (from chetitiki word kutta=wall). According to this interpretation, the Kytaion as "city teichioessa" shows worthy ancestor&#39;s historic Old Castle (Palaeokastro). The public works engineer Basilicata places to rock the ancient city of Elea "Elea citadel and traces on the rock that protrudes near the port fraskia"</p><br>
<p>The lime kilns of Palaiokastrou, located on the beach of the homonymous settlement just below the western slope of the hill occupied by the impressive Venetian fortress. Is a rare monument of the era of Venetian rule in Crete seems to be linked to the Venetian fortress which coexisted for centuries.</p><br>
<p>The importance of lime kiln is that it is a remarkable and rare example crafts building at the Venetian era, which is known primarily from the fortification of architecture and religious architecture. Particularly important is the fact that the monument is shown, with the same format, a map of Basilicata 1618.</p><br>
<p>In previous years, the competent 13th Byzantine Antiquities carried exemplary, full restoration and maintenance of the monument, which was released simultaneously from around arbitrary constructions. The monument is completely restored and is one of the numerous attraction of the area.</p><br>
<p>The church of Panagia Spiliotissa is built in a cave inside the canyon of Palaiokastro. A Watersource stems directly beside the church.</p><br>
<p>Maganik is a mountain range in Central Montenegro. The highest point of Maganik is Međeđi Vrh , which is 2,139 m high.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Maganik is 20 km long and 10 km wide mountain range, located in central Montenegro. It is bordered by Zeta, Morača and Mrtvica rivers.</p><br>
<p>The geological composition of Maganik is made of cretaceous limestone. The base of the mountain range from the Nikšić side and the Morača River valley is made up of Triassic limestone. The canyon slopes of the river Mrtvica are formed by Triassic, Jurassic and cretaceous limestone, which created a rich vertical jaggedness to the Maganik mass. Its relief is enriched with deep karst hollows, valleys and funnel-shaped depressions. The rock formations are razor-sharp on some places. Thus, Maganik is considered one of the most demanding and inaccessible mountaineering destinations in Montenegro.</p><br>
<h3>Peaks</h3><br>
<p>The highest peaks of Maganik are:</p><br>
<p>Međeđi Vrh 2,139 m</p><br>
<p>Petrov Vrh 2,124 m</p><br>
<p>Babin Zub 2,119 m</p><br>
<p>Žuta Greda 2,104 m</p><br>
<p>Rogođed 2,037 m</p><br>
<p>Kokotov Vrh 2,001 m</p><br>
<p>Cakmakov Vrh 1,974 m</p><br>
<p>On 11 September 1973, Jat Airways Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle 6-N (YU-AHD) flew into the Babin Zub peak. All 41 on board perished.</p><br>
<p>The Magee Farm, also known as the Jacob Magee House, is a historic residence in Kushla, Alabama, United States. Built by Jacob Magee in 1848, the -story wood-frame structure is an example of the Gulf Coast Cottage style. The house is best known as the site of preliminary arrangements for the surrender of the last Confederate States Army east of the Mississippi River. Confederate General Richard Taylor negotiated a ceasefire with Union General Edward Canby at the house on April 29, 1865. Taylors forces, comprising 47,000 Confederate troops serving in Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, were the last remaining Confederate force east of the Mississippi River. The Magee Farm was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 11, 1988. In 2004, partially through the efforts of the Civil War Preservation Trust, the farm was opened as a museum. It ceased operation as a museum in 2010, due to a lack of public support and declining revenues, and was listed for sale. It was then listed on the Alabama Historical Commissions Places in Peril listing for 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Argonne is a historic hotel in downtown Lima, Ohio, United States. Built in 1919, the hotel was dedicated to veterans of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive during the recently concluded World War.</p><br>
<p>Designed by Andrew DeCurtins, the heavily ornamented ten-story hotel is built of limestone and brick. Among the exterior features are spandrels and pilasters with triple entablatures on the lowest two floors, plus a cornice with plentiful dentils and parapets. Inside, the lobby includes marble, various types of wood, and large amounts of decorative molding.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Hotel Argonne was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its architecture. It was part of the "Lima Multiple Resource Area," a group of seventeen architecturally significant Lima buildings that were added to the Register together. Like several other buildings in this collection, the hotel was among the last major structures erected in Lima&#39;s most prosperous years, during which oil wealth and the success of the Lima Locomotive Works were the most important parts of a thriving economy.</p><br>
<p>St. George&#39;s Church is a historic Episcopal Church on VA 178, northeast of the junction with VA 180 in Pungoteague, Accomack County, Virginia. Established in the seventeenth century, the building, erected in 1738, is the oldest house of worship standing on Virginia’s Eastern Shore. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the mid-1730s, construction of a new church at Pungoteague began. The building, completed around 1738, was among the most elaborate in the Colony of Virginia. However, the Church of England (which reorganized after the Revolution as the Episcoal Church) was disestablished in Virginia early in the 19th century. Priests no longer could count on government support of their salaries, and soon the farms (glebes) which provided part of their salaries were privatized. Many fell into ruin, but some were repaired mid-century as the local economy improved. St. George’s Church still preserves a silver communion service inscribed “This belongs to the Parish of Accomack” dated 1734-5.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, the Union Army occupied the Eastern Shore (Delmarva Peninsula) from Hampton Roads northwards. Union troops protecting a strategic telephone line camped nearby, and housed their horses in the church&#39;s box pews, which were heavily damaged. By the end of the Civil War, St. George’s Church stood in ruin, one of its four wings completely dismantled and all interior furnishing destroyed. Episcopalians reclaimed the church in 1880 and partially restored it by using the remnants of the original walls to patch the transept which still stands today.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Designed in Georgian style, St. George’s Church was originally cruciform in shape with a communion table oriented to the east, box pews, an elevated pulpit, and a semi-circular apse (common in Georgian Churches in Maryland, but not in Virginia). The entire building was topped with a hipped, gambrel roof, also a unique feature among Virginia’s Georgian churches. Though only a fragment remains today, the church’s brickwork was especially well-executed using flemish bond accented by glazed headers. The only known image of the structure&#39;s original design is a sketch made by Reverend James Wallace Eastburn in 1819.</p><br>
<h2>Modern times</h2><br>
<p>The church is still active in the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Virginia. The Rev. Cameron Randle is rector of the churches of St. George&#39;s parish, which also includes nearby historic St. James Church in Accomac, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>St. James Church is a historic Episcopal Church on Daugherty Road between Back and Front Streets in Accomac, Virginia, United States. Originally established as a chapel of ease for Accomack Parish in the seventeenth century, the present St. James Church was erected in 1838 as the town then known as Drummondtown grew as the county seat . In recognition of its Greek Revival design and interior trompe-l&#39;oeill frescos, St. James Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. It is also a contributing building of the Accomac Historic District which was created in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Accomack Parish of the Anglican (Episcopal) Church was separated from Hungars Parish in 1663. St. James Church was originally established as a chapel of ease for Accomack Parish to serve congregants living in southeastern Accomack County. The original church, constructed of brick in Georgian style, was completed in 1767. It stood near the present-day town of Onley, Virginia. About twenty years after the construction of the first St. James Church, Drummondtown) was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly and established as the county seat for Accomack County. As the town developed in the early-19th century, St. James&#39; parishioners decided to move their church closer to the county seat. Drummondtown had two thriving hotels, as well as a Methodist and Presbyterian churches, furniture and hat-making factories, stores and houses.</p><br>
<p>Land was purchased in 1838 and construction began with some bricks from the original church. The new church was designed in the popular Greek Revival style and laid out in the low-church style typical of Episcopal Churches in the first half of the nineteenth century. This plan can still be seen in the church today, which has two doors leading into two aisles inside the church and a central platform which was originally the site of the pulpit. A vesting room was constructed at the center of the back wall of the church. The vestry commissioned traveling artish Jean G. Potts to fresco the churchs interior walls and ceiling. The artist, a master of the trompe-loeill ("fool the eye") style, created a chancel designed to make the church seem deeper, and also decorated the walls with simulated pilasters, moulding, and raised-panel walls.</p><br>
<p>The town flourished in the 1840s and by 1860 hosted the first newspaper published on the Eastern Shore. This was the home parish of Henry A. Wise, a prominent lawyer who served as USA Minister to Brazil, and Virginias 33rd governor (from 1856 until 1860). His birthplace remains visible from the churchs back lawn. Wises first two wives came from Pennsylvania, and the sister of his second wife (who died of childbirth complications in 1850) married an army officer who became Union General George G. Meade. By 1853, Wise had moved to his third wifes estate near Norfolk. Governor Wise may be most famous for signing John Browns death warrant, or for his secession oratory. Despite his lack of military training, Wise became a Confederate General (removed from his duties in the west in 1862 and reassigned to protect the southern Chesapeake Bay region, but who lost the Battle of Roanoke Island). Confederate General Wise continued to serve in North Carolina and Virginia until wars end, when he urged General Robert E. Lee to surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. After the war, Wise resumed his legal practice in Richmond.</p><br>
<p>While many other churches on the Eastern Shore of Virginia were severely damaged by occupying Union Army during the American Civil War, including nearby St. Georges Church (Pungoteague, Virginia). St. James Church was spared. Union General Henry H. Lockwood listened to the urging of Accomacs citizens and kept his troops well-disciplined. Lockwood also took over a house abandoned by Dr. Peter Browne, which he made Union headquarters for construction of a telegraph line to Hampton Roads, and later became the rectory for this church&#39;s ministers.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. James Church is among the most pure representations of Greek Revival style to be found on Virginias Eastern Shore. The brick walls are laid in 3-to-1 common bond both above and below the water table. The front (southwest) facade is covered with stucco and scored to resemble ashlar stone. The front facade is dominated by a tetrastyle portico of Doric order. A lunette window is centered in the front wall between the two sets of entrance doors. A wide wooden entablature with dentils extends across the front and sides of the churchs walls. The gable roof is surmounted by a wooden belfry, constructed with Gothic Revival stylistic characteristics.</p><br>
<p>The churchs interior is dominated by Potts trompe-loeill frescoes which display various hues of brown, tan, and yellow. Two aisles lead from the entry doors to the chancel, which is surrounded by a simple altar rail with turned balusters. Original wooden bench-style pews with doors are still intact and are labeled with roman numerals. A gallery extends across the back of the nave, accessed by a unique split, flying staircase. Two flights of stairs ascend to a common landing from just inside the two entry doors, and then ascend a flying staircase into the gallery. Eight large windows, four on each side, with double hung four-over-four sashes of clear glass light the nave. The walls are frescoed beginning at the tops of the pews and extending all the way to the ceiling. Potts decorated the side walls of the nave with pilasters and moulding which frame the windows. In the chancel, Potts created a portico of four square, fluted pilasters framing a paneled recess, framed by a barrel vault in the center. The shallow barrel-vaulted ceiling is frescoed with panels, moulding, and plaster medallions. At the center of the ceiling, Potts frescoed a round medallion above the chandelier featuring a brilliant blue color, which appears especially striking contrasting with the subdued colors used in the rest of the frescoes. In the 20th century, Linda Croison and Philip Ward restored the frescoes, but preserved patches of Potts original work in the back of the nave.</p><br>
<h2>Modern Times</h2><br>
<p>St. James remains an active congregation in the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Virginia and helps lead its racial reconciliation efforts. It now shares a rector, Rev. Cameron Randle, with another historic church nearby, St. George&#39;s Church (Pungoteague, Virginia).</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Glendower, also known as Christ Church, St. Anne&#39;s Parish, is a historic Episcopal church located at Keene, Albemarle County, Virginia. It was built in 1831, and is a one-story, temple form, brick structure in the Roman Revival style. It features a full Doric order entabulature with pediments at each end containing lunette windows. Surrounding the church is a contributing cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the second-quarter of the 18th century, European settlement following the James River expanded into the area which today comprises Albermarle County. In 1745, Albermarle County was formally chartered and a new parish of the established Church of England called St. Anne’s Parish was formed. The first three churches of St. Anne’s Parish were built prior to the American Revolutionary War, though at least one of them shifted to a new parish as population growth in the region led to the formation of new counties and parishes. All of the churches in St. Anne’s Parish ceased to function in 1784 when the Anglican Church was disestablished in Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Around 1820, efforts to restore Episcopal worship in St. Anne’s Parish took root. Services were conducted in one of the remaining churches from the original parish until it was destroyed by fire. In 1831, the parish vestry resolved to erect a new brick church near Glendower which would be named Christ Church. Documents from the parish records refer to the architect for the church being a “Mr. Phillips.” Historical research asserts that this “Mr. Phillips” was William B. Phillips, a mason who was employed by Thomas Jefferson and helped to build the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. His design for Christ Church reflects the classical influences of Thomas Jefferson’s architecture (as seen in the University of Virginia and his residence, Monticello). Christ Church was completed in 1832 and consecrated on June 28, 1832 by Bishop William Meade.</p><br>
<p>In the years after Christ Church was built, two additional churches were constructed in St. Anne’s Parish. These churches are St. John’s Episcopal Church in Scottsville and St. Stephen’s Episcopal Church in Esmont. In 1971, Christ Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its architectural integrity as an example of Jeffersonian neoclassical design.</p><br>
<p>Earlysville Union Church, also known as Earlysville Free Union Church, is a historic church located on VA 743, northwest of the junction with VA 633 in Earlysville, Albemarle County, Virginia. It was built in 1833, and is a one-story, frame building with weatherboard siding and a gable roof on a low stone foundation. Entrance to the building is by two doors on the south gable end. It measures approximately 50 feet long by 30 feet wide. The building was originally one room; a small vestibule with flanking rooms for Sunday School rooms was partitioned off around 1880. It is a rare surviving example of interdenominational churches constructed at the beginning of the 19th century in Albemarle County. It was used the Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians until the turn of the 20th century. The building continued in use as an</p><br>
<p>interdenominational Sunday School for the community until 1977. In 1995, the building underwent restoration.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Mogollon-Datil volcanic field is a large silicic volcanic field in western New Mexico . It is a part of an extensive Eocene to Oligocene volcanic event which includes the San Juan volcanic field in southwestern Colorado, the Trans-Pecos volcanic field in west Texas and north central Mexico, the Boot Heel volcanic field in the bootheel of southwestern New Mexico and adjacent areas of Arizona and Mexico; and the vast volcanic field of the Sierra Madre Occidental of western Mexico. The Mogollon-Datil volcanic field was formed in "four discrete pulses representing synchronized activity of two separate cauldron complexes".</p><br>
<p>The Socorro, New Mexico region (Socorro-Magdalena caldera cluster) of the central Rio Grande rift hosts an inflating mid-crustal sill-like magma body at a depth of 19 km that is responsible for anomalously high earthquake activity in the vicinity. Earth and space-based geodetic measurements indicate ongoing surface uplift above the at approximately 2 mm/year.</p><br>
<h2>Formations</h2><br>
<p>The Datil Group, or series of volcanic and related formations (formerly the Datil Formation) in New Mexico and eastern Arizona represents the extrusive output from the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field. Originally the Baca Formation was included in the group, but now the group is considered to start with the Spears Formation. The base of the group, as originally defined, rests unconformably on the Mesaverde Formation, and the series is succeeded by the Popotosa Formation of the Santa Fe Group. The series consists of the following formations:</p><br>
<p>Baca Formation, primarily fluvial red shales and sandstones of the Eocene, no longer considered part of the group</p><br>
<p>Spears Formation, latitic to andesitic conglomerates, mudflow deposits and thin, interbedded volcanic clastics and sandstones, followed by andesite flows interbedded with some conglomerates and mudflow deposits, approximately 37 Ma</p><br>
<p>Hells Mesa Tuff, over 2000 ft thick consisting of ash layers that erupted about 32.1 Ma, rhyolitic tuff with interbedded mudflow deposits and basalts</p><br>
<p>A-L Peak Tuff</p><br>
<p>La Jara&#39;Peak Basaltic Andesite</p><br>
<h2>Notable Calderas</h2><br>
<h3>Northern complex</h3><br>
<p>Socorro-Magdalena caldera cluster</p><br>
<p>Location: West of Socorro, South of Magdalena, and Southeast of Datil.</p><br>
<h3>Southern complex</h3><br>
<p>Located from Las Cruces to Mogollon:</p><br>
<p>Note: the ages given in Chapin et al. (2004) and Ward (2009) do not match sometimes., additional material: and</p><br>
<p>Emmanuel Church is a historic Episcopal church located at Greenwood in Albemarle County, Virginia. Emmanuel Episcopal Church is a parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The mission of Emmanuel Episcopal Church is: ""May we strive to live in Christ and do his work from this place."</p><br>
<h2>History of Emmanuel Church</h2><br>
<p>In the 1850s church members began meeting in homes and then in a Baptist church in Hillsboro. The first service in the new building was on Christmas Day 1863 with preaching by Reverend Dabney C. T. Davis. In 1868 the church entered into an agreement with St. Paul’s – Ivy to share a rector and resources. In 1899 the church planted St. Georges Chapel where services were held from 1899 to 1941. In 1900 Archdeacon Neve established the Church of the Holy Cross near Batesville as a mission of Emmanuel.</p><br>
<p>The original church was built in 1863, Thomas Conrad Bowen (Grandfather of James Armistead Shirley Sr. of Greenwood) gave the original building materials for the Church, with additions and modifications made in 1905 and 1911. The 1911 modifications were largely financed by children of Chiswell Langhorne, including Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor. These modifications were designed by noted architect Waddy Butler Wood (1869-1944). The church consists of a narthex located in the bell tower, nave with gallery, and chancel flanked by two small rooms. It is a rectangular brick building with a slate roof. The parish hall was doubled in size and restorations made to the church about 1940 by Charlottesville architect Milton L. Grigg (1905-1982). Arcades connect the church to the parish hall and form a cloistered courtyard. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Ministers</h2><br>
<p>Rev. Dabney C. T. Davis, 1860-1864</p><br>
<p>Rev. Frederick W. Neve, 1888 – 1905</p><br>
<p>Rev. Walter Russell Bowie, 1908-1911</p><br>
<p>Deaconess Margaretta James and Miss Hallie Worsham, 1918-1937</p><br>
<p>Rev. H. Lee Marston, 1937-1969</p><br>
<p>Rev. Howard A. LaRue, 1969-1995</p><br>
<p>Rev. Charles A. Mullaly, 1997-2012</p><br>
<p>Rev. Sarah Kinney Gaventa, 2005-2009</p><br>
<p>Rev. Peter M. Carey, 2009-2012</p><br>
<p>Rev. Christopher Garcia, 2013-</p><br>
